Annie Proulxs The Shipping News Characterization, Figurative Language and Imagery free essay sample

In The Shipping News by Annie Proulx, readers can imply that the protagonist has lived a treacherous life onto which he wishes to set change upon, but cannot see the dear light of opportunity. Quoyle is an aging man, who is still learning to separate his feelings from his personal life. He wallows in misery, as day by day passes; however, he cannot help but wonder why nothing can seem to make sense to him. Annie Proulx uses characterization, figurative language and imagery to contribute to the overall meaning of the story. In the opening of the story, Quoyle is shown to be a cowardly, gutless, lump of a man, who is a failure at everything that is thrown in his life’s path. The story shows that the protagonist cannot do anything to bring his horrible life up to a decent stand point. His life has been in the deep end ever since he was a young boy. We will write a custom essay sample on Annie Proulxs The Shipping News: Characterization, Figurative Language and Imagery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In paragraph 6, it gives a description of what he looks like. â€Å"A damp loaf of a body. At six he weighed eighty pounds†¦. The monstrous chin, a freakish shelf jutting from the lower face. † His description shows that he was always big and hulky. He is appalled by his own appearance, especially his massive chin that is ever so prominent on his face. Because of his imperfections, he became very self-conscious of himself. Quoyle just wants to hide himself from others because he is too afraid of that others think of him. He gives up on life, since he feels as if he does not deserve anything and cannot accomplish anything. Nothing was possible to him; nothing would help him become better. No matter what, he seemed to be very shy, embarrassed and ashamed of his body and entire life. Quoyle is just trying to go with what is thrown at him, no matter the consequence. Figurative language is used in the story to exemplify the meaning of the author’s purpose. As the story progresses, figurative language is constantly added upon. In paragraph 2, the author uses food to compare to his eating habits. â€Å"He ate prodigiously, liked a ham knuckle buttered spuds. † Quoyle’s eating habits are not just stupendous, it is particularize and detailed as what he eats is extremely specified. Quoyle was a progressive eater, as more disasters enter his life, the more ways he has to find to cope with his surroundings. One of those methods is eating and eating helps him escape from the superficial theories of the world. Although he gains nothing from indulging in his misery of cramming food into his systems, he happens to gain more ease with himself. He knows that he will no longer be thin again, which is why he ends up giving up in life. Another piece of figurative language used in paragraph 6 is, â€Å"Features as bunched as kissed fingertips. † That phrase means that Quoyle is extremely large to where his body has plenty of extra skin and fat. It is an exaggeration of how obese the protagonist is. Imagery is expressed in this story by giving vivid mental photographs of the situation and details of whom and what Quoyle was. It is very easy to picture what Quoyle looks like as the Proulx uses plenty of figurative language and literary devices. In paragraph 3 where he is constantly thrown into the water by his father, â€Å"And Quoyle feared water, could not swim. Again and again the father had broken his clenched grip and thrown him into pools, brooks, lakes and surf. Quoyle knew the flavor of brack and waterweed. † In this phrase, it is simple to see how Quoyle was being shoved, pushed and harassed into the water by his father. It is a straightforward image where Quoyle is scared and terrified of water because his body would not allow for him to be buoyant. He was abused and forced to go against his easy-going ways of life. He was changed and scarred as a young boy. Since then, all he wanted to do was â€Å"cherished the idea that he had been given to the wrong family† in paragraph 8. Quoyle was seen as a failure in ambition and ability because his failure superseded everything he has have ever known. He was a prodigy at what always went wrong. In paragraph 5 where he is taunted by his brother, â€Å"Snotface. Ugly pig. Warthog. Stupid. Stinkbomb. Greasebag. † There you can imagine him cowering from his brother. Hiding from the rest of the world because he could not stand the taunts and mocking from others. Quoyle can be described and seen in vivid detail as Annie Proulx used characterization, figurative langue and imagery in the story The Shipping News. Our protagonist has been criticized, taunted and forced against his wills to conform to others. He does not understand that he is unique, different in many ways. Failure is not an option and Quoyle needs to understand that no matter how hard times may be, he can always change it. Nobody should follow success because success should follow your path.

Robert of Jumieges Essays

Robert of Jumieges Essays Robert of Jumieges Essay Robert of Jumieges Essay Another relevant reason as to why the crises of 1051 and 1052 were significant was because it showed the true authority and capabilities the earls had and the weakness and incapabilitys of the King. Edward knew that he would only ever be King in name unless he could destroy Godwins authority. McLynn quotes, If he did not take a stand against Godwin and his contumacious family he would be reduced to the status of figurehead King or cipher. The crises of 1051-52 merely clarified this fact that the King just did not have the power to make any grand scale decisions. Everything was decided either in advance for the King or on the spot for him. He was forced into marrying Godwins daughter Edith for example. Now what possible reason could there be to suggest that Edward actually wanted to wed Edith. Apart from the fact that she was much younger than he was she just happened to be a daughter of the man he hated most who just wanted some Godwin blood on the throne. Another example would be the incident of Eustace of Bologne where he couldnt even force an earl to punish his own men; he was taken to trial. So it was clearly obvious that these events of 1051 and 52 showed just how much authority Edward didnt have in terms of decision making. But it was not only in his decision-making that Edward lacked the power needed but also in terms of his strength on the battlefield. In preparation for his first battle with Godwin Edward tried desperately to get the remaining two earls Leofric and Siward to support him. Leofric was particularly reluctant to help out but in the end the end decided on doing so. This then resulted in Godwin having to accept defeat and being exiled from the country. However when Godwin returned for part two of the battle the earls basically refused bluntly to help Edward in any way shape or form. Without the assistance of the earls Edward was defenceless and weak. He therefore had to accept Godwins terms and let his most hated enemy run his country. It is therefore obvious that the King had no control over his own actions unless he had the support of at least one earl. A significant long-term effect of the crises of 1051-52 was also the beginning of the Godwins dominance on the country. With Godwin now virtually running the nation he could put anyone wherever and whenever he wanted. Harold Godwinson then succeeded Godwin on to the earl of Wessex when he died and also became he head of his large and popular family. As earl Harold could use his assets to help him perform his duties for the king more effectively. Then on the 6th of January 1066 Godwins life long dream was established when his son, a man of pure Godwin blood, was crowned king of England. One son was King another an earl. The Godwin reign had begun. Godwin was a true family man and the events during 1051-52 express this. This theory was particularly apparent when he forced Edward into marrying his daughter in the chance that they would have a son of Godwin blood who would be heir to the throne. Unfortunately for Godwin this did not work out for a number of different reasons. Godwin also showed his dedication to having his family stay as one in England so when he was gone they could be a formidable force, when he desperately pleaded with King Edward for his eldest son Swein to be forgiven and be able to return. Surely committing a sin as hostile as he did any other father would disown him however this was never the case for Godwin. He eventually did get his way and Swein was allowed to return only for him to unexpectedly die on a pilgrimage seeking penance from God. Harold was also Earl of East Anglia for eight years whilst the confrontations between Edward and Godwin had gone on. So for the Godwins they would have felt they gained an extremely vast mount out of the crises of 1051 and 52. Looking back on the Crises of 1051 and 1052 Historians will probably feel that the most significant result was the confusion and controversy over the successor to Edwards throne. There would never have been any confusion or arguments over this only if Edwards wife had given birth to a son. Of course this was not to happen for a number of reasons, possibly he was too religious, or maybe he did not want any grandson of Godwin being heir to the throne. However either way a son of Edward just was not to be. Therefore when Edward did eventually die there was a number of people who lied claim to he throne. A major contender at the time, however the more historians look back on it the more it seems unlikely was William. This claim was apparently true on a number of accounts. There were two main suggestions as to why William could possibly have become Williams successor to the throne. The first, rather unbelievable but at the same time still a suggestion, was that William visited Edward in 1051 and was apparently promised the throne there and then. The second, a little more believable, was that Edward sent Robert of Jumieges to promise the throne and as a sign that this offer was authentic to also give Godwins hostages Wulfnoth (son) and Hakon (Grandson). This supposedly took place in 1051 and was supposedly agreed by both Edward and Stigand (the in between man who was trusted by both Edward and Godwin). This theory therefore has a perfectly legitimate claim. However why would Edward choose William? The Normans came up with three reasons. One They were very distant relations and therefore someone of the same blood. Two It was an almost thank you gesture for helping him out in 1043 when he had fled to Normandy. And finally because Edward apparently felt William was the best man for the job (taking into consideration that he was only fourteen at the time). It was also claimed that Edward was desperate to keep some Norman influence in England. There maybe quite a bit of evidence backing up Williams claim, however the evidence to say it was a false claim is undoubtedly more reliable and realistic. For example there were many others with much better claims to the throne (Earl Ralph, Edward Aething etc. ). Edward also had no great love of Normandy. He was never treated well there nor was he ever welcomed there. McLynn writes A vague promise was made but it was not genuine. On the other hand Barlow writes in his book Edward had already promised the throne to Swein Estrithson. He just used the nomination as a diplomatic card. The more realistic and probably true having known the type of character Robert of Jumieges was is written by Walker and it basically says that the promise was made by Jumieges when escaping after 1052. He had hostages with him and made the offer out of spite for Godwin and because he wanted William to re-instate him. In conclusion I feel that the period in history which was the crises of 1051-52 were a significant time for the Countrys history. The two years contained controversy, countless squabbles, treason, backstabbing and violence. The main consequences of the crises were, a long exhausting and humiliating defeat for Edward, a huge gain for Godwin who laid the foundations for the next generation and a lot of controversy caused mainly by a certain individual known as Robert of Jumieges.

Databases and Database Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Databases and Database Systems - Essay Example A database management system is a collection of programs that enables the user to create and maintain a database. In the Database Management System (DBMS), sharing a database allows multiple users and programs to access the database concurrently. Other important functions provided by the DBMS include protecting the database and maintaining it over a long period of time. Protection includes both system protections against hardware or software malfunction (or Crashes) and security protection against unauthorized or malicious access. A database typically has many uses, each of which may require a different perspective or view of the database. A multi-user DBMS, as its name implies, must allow multiple users to access the database at some time. This is essential if data for multiple applications to be integrated and maintained in a single database. The DBMS must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data do so in a controlled manner s o that the result of updates is correct. These types of applications are generally called online transaction processing applications. A fundamental role of multi-users DBMS software is to ensure that concurrent transactions operate correctly. The concept of a transaction has become central to many database applications. A transaction is an executing program or process that includes one or more database accesses, such as reading or updating database records. Each transaction is supposed to execute logically correct database access is executed in its entirety without interference from other transaction. The DBMS must enforce several transaction properties. The isolation property ensures that each transaction appears to execute in isolation from other transactions, even though a hundred of the transaction may be executing concurrently. When multiple users share a large database, it is likely that most users with not be authorized to access all the information in the database. In additi on, some users may be permitted only to retrieve data whereas others are allowed both to retrieve and update. Hence, the type of access operation must also be controlled. A DBMS should provide a security and authorization subsystem. As we know, multiple users can access databases and use computer systems simultaneously because of the concept of multiprogramming. In this concurrent process, execution of processes is actually interleaved and most of the theory concerning concurrency control in a database is developed in terms of interleaved concurrency. In a multi-users DBMS, the stored data items are the primary resources that may be accessed concurrently by interactive users or application programs, which are constantly retrieving information and modifying the database. In this process, concurrency control is very much needed to avoid a certain type of problems. Concurrency control and recovery mechanisms are mainly concerned with the database access commands in a transaction. Trans action submitted by the various users may execute concurrently and may access and update the same database items. If this concurrent execution is uncontrolled it may lead to problems such as an inconsistent database, the lost update problem, and temporary update problem. Transaction failure may occur due to integer overflow or division by zero or erroneous parameter  values or logical programming errors.

Environmental Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Science - Assignment Example Seasonal food is encouraged and calls for the avoidance of junk food most of which is wrapped in plastics (Garbage Warrior Film Theatrical Trailer Web). This paper discusses the effect of No Impact to the general population. The project is appealing to me. It calls for taking care of the environment and I advocate for this approach. I agree it is individual responsibility influence environment. No Impact man affected me greatly. I got an insight into the things I do that harm the environment. This movie changed my view of the world. I realized that this world depend on us for I to be able to sustain us. Additionally, No Impact man affected how I view my own life. I realized that I was making less impact to the proper functioning of our ecosystem. Moreover, I found that my lifestyle affected greatly the ecosystem. As an advocate of clean and healthy environment, I decide to share this information to my family to change the lifestyle in my home that affects the environment. It is easy to decipher about the environment from this movie. It also shows relationship between our lifestyle and environment. Waste is the material that we consider of no use or us the remains after we get the essential part. Waste causes harm to the environment and the people who stays in such environment. Waste is also a source of diseases such as airborne disease and other form of environmental hazards. Various form of waste is generated especially in our homes. These wastes may include food, paper, plastic, wrappers. Majority of the waste cannot be eliminated from waste stream but can be easily recycled. Waste management is an important aspect towards conserving and taking care of our environment. This paper discusses ways in which waste can be reduced. Kitchen generates a lot of waste. Most of kitchen waste decomposes easily. This type of waste can be put into a compost pit. It will decompose in a few days and it is a good source for our garden. This manure can

Critically assess the US foreign policy-making process. What are its Essay

Critically assess the US foreign policy-making process. What are its main strengths and weaknesses - Essay Example The United States sets interaction among its organizations, corporations and individual citizens and into other nations through the implementation of its foreign policy. The United States does not live by its own economy alone but its level of achievement in the world depends on its interaction with its surrounding environment. It is known that the United States performs its functions not just for its people but to its surrounding nations and all other countries in which it has tied up interaction with. For instance, its healthy interaction with China is another important part that it needs to take into account. China is said to be an emerging economy in Asia and it is becoming extraordinary when it comes to its capacity to influence the world economy. With this, the United States has to essentially perform the best possible option in order to maintain its healthy interaction with Chinese government. On the other hand, the United States’ interaction with oil producing countrie s is another important strategy in which its economy will be able to survive in times of financial challenges. Thus, it is important to consider healthy foreign policy that will protect its national interests in times when there is a need so. ... The international distribution of power according to realists is one of the reasons why the United States adopts foreign policy, but another approach is giving more emphasis on the political institutions of a country in the domestic setting (Trubowitz, 2004). As can be observed, power is the bottom line which is one of those that influence the United States foreign policy making. There are different motivated individuals and groups competing against each other in order to achieve flow of power and symbolism in the government and society. And this eventually affects the entire foreign policy making process of the United States (Rosati and Scott, 2010). Competition at some point is healthy. Then one of the strengths in the United States’ foreign policy-making process is the ability to come up with the best procedure because it is necessary to substantiate all the needed concerns for the purpose of ensuring national interests. However, because of this competition there is also a need to properly define the best intention of stakeholders and other competing organizations in as thorough as possible. This is a disadvantage point because the unlikely intention may have greater chance to prevail in the process and will eventually affect the entire foreign policy-making process. As a result, the output may not entirely be for the national interest alone but for the benefits of the few. This creates a considerable issue because of the inclusion of power and generally politics. For instance, private groups have the capacity to check the state’s initiatives and this is due to the weakness of the US political system at some point (Krasner, 1977). Secure global system is one of the primary expectations in instituting foreign policy (Hill, 2002). This is highly

Cerebral Autoregulation Mechanism | Report

Cerebral Autoregulation Mechanism | Report From: Biose Ifechukwude Joachim Introduction Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the multifactorial vascular mechanism that maintains a constant cerebral blood supply in spite of fluctuations in the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (Lassen, 1959; Tiecks et al., 1995). This mechanism thrives for CPP values within the range of 50-150 mmHg (Lassen, 1959; Paulson, Strandgaard and Edvinsson, 1990; Panerai, 1998) (Fig. 1). The vascular response involved in CA is rapid and so robust that hypertension (Eames et al., 2003; Serrador et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2007) and aging (Eames et al., 2003; Fisher et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2013; Oudegeest-Sander et al., 2014) does not alter its physiological role. However, CA is compromised following pathologic conditions such as traumatic brain injury, intracerebral haemorrhage, stroke, hyper-perfusion syndrome, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (Diedler et al., 2009; Atkins et al., 2010; Budohoski et al., 2012; Saeed et al., 2013; Buczek et al., 2013). Fig. 1. Cerebral autoreglation in relation to vascular response. Within the upper and lower boundaries of the autoregulatory range (dotted lines), blood flow remains constant (blue line with beads). As Pressure falls below the lower limit, vascular smooth muscle relaxes to allow dilatation, while constriction of vessels (red circles) ensues to reduce blood flow as pressure approximates the upper limit. Adapted from Pires et al., 2013. Classification Based on factors affecting cerebral blood flow (CBF), CA can be classified into two categories, metabolic autoregulation (MA) and pressure autoregulation (PA). Mainly due to changes in brain tissue pH (Cotev and Severinghaus, 1969; Betz and Heuser, 1967; Raichle, Posner and Plum, 1970), MA is the principal regulatory mechanism of CBF according to metabolic demand. This implies that MA responds to local or global ischemia and hypoxia which increases pH by increasing CBF via vasodilatation (Ekstrom-Jodal et al., 1971; Raichle and Stone, 1971).While PA is the vascular response to maintain blood flow following changes in perfusion pressure, achieved by varying the degree of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation of the cerebral vasculature. Mechanism In adults and under normal conditions, provided CPP falls within the boundary of 50-150 mmHg, CBF is preserved at approximately 50 mL per 100 g of brain tissue per minute (McHenry et al., 1974; Strandgaard et al., 1976; Paulson, Strandgaard and Edvinsson, 1990). Outside this range of CPP, CA is impaired and CBF becomes directly dependent on mean arterial pressure (MacKenzie et al., 1976; Heistad and Kontos, 1979; Baumbach and Heistad, 1985; Paulson et al., 1990). More so, should CPP falls below the lower boundary of CA, blood flow reduces and ischemia sets in (Hossmann, 2006). The precise mechanism of CA is currently elusive; however, it is believed to be subject to the interaction of neurogenic, metabolic and myogenic factors (Czosnyka et al., 2009; Novak and Hajjar, 2010). Intrinsic innervation is touted to be directly involved in the mechanisms of CA (Goadsby and Edvinsson, 2002) and extrinsic pathway is implausible, since CA is unimpaired following sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation in experimental animals (Busija and Heistad, 1984). The perikarya within the subcortical region of the brain, precisely those from the nucleus basalis, locus ceruleus and raphe nucleus project to cortical microvessels for the control of local blood flow by release of neurotransmitters (ACH, norepinephrine and 5HT) (Hamel, 2006). These released neurotransmitter substances interact with the receptors on smooth muscle, endothelium, or astrocytes to cause constriction or dilation, thus regulating blood supply according to the metabolic demand (Iadecola, 2004; Hamel, 2006; Drake and Iadecola, 2007). Also, metabolic by-products released by the brain during CBF decrease are important for CA (Paulson, Strandgaar and Edvinsson, 1990). These substances, potassium, adenosine, and hydrogen ion triggers vasodilatation. Another important component of the CA mechanism is the myogenic response of the cerebrovascular smooth muscle in regulating vascular tone. Constriction of the cerebral vasculature due to smooth muscle contraction ensues during pressure fluctuations at the upper boundary of the autoregulatory range of CPP, thus blood flow is not excessive (Fig. 1). Conversely, fluctuations at the lower limit of CPP is followed by vasodilatation (Fig.1) (Kontos, 1978,Busija and Heistad, 1984; Mellander, 1989; Osol et al., 2002). Furthermore, the direct contact between astrocytes and the parenchymal arterioles of the brain have been shown to play a role in CA (Rennels and Nelson, 1975; Cohen, Molinatti and Hamel, 1997; Iadecola, 2004; Hamel, 2006; Drake and Iadecola, 2007; Zlokovic, 2008). Most microvessels at the subcortical level have astrocytic end-feet at the interface between them and neurons (Kulik et al., 2008), thus, under the direct influence of the vasoactive factors released by astrocytes (Murphy et al., 1994). Interestingly, the type of cerebral vasculature may also contribute to CA in an unexpected manner, with respect to their response to blood flow changes. While basilar artery dilates in response to increased blood flow, MCA constricts Koller and Toth, (2012). Under Anaesthesia Anaesthesia puts the brain in a state of reduced neuronal activity, as a result CBF decreases in light of neurovascular coupling (Attwell et al., 2010). Also, in their studies in rats, Jones et al., (2002) reported that anaesthesia reduces the CCP levels below the lower limit of CA. More importantly, anaesthetics have significant impact on CA as they affect the vasculature of the brain, directly or indirectly. Under the influence of volatile anaesthetics, calcium entry via voltage gated Ca2+ channels on vascular smooth muscle cells is reduced significantly, causing the vasculature to dilate (Bosnjak et al. 1992), thereby, directly overriding CA. Also, anaesthetics cause profound respiratory depression in spontaneously breathing animals, consequently PaCO2 increased. Given that the vasculature of the brain is highly sensitive to changes in CO2, an increase value of PaCO2 stimulates cerebral vasodilatation (Kuschinsky, 1997; Willie et al., 2014); correspondingly CBF increases (Figure 2). These effects of anaesthetics lead ultimately to the failure of CA in mammals. However, certain anaesthetics for example Ethomidate, preserves CA (Wang et al., 2010). This is mainly due to their ability to keep PaCO2 nearly constant within the nomal range without artificial ventilation (Lacombe et al. 2005; Joutel et al., 2010). Fig. 2. Cerebral blood flow with respect to arterial pressure of CO2. CBF increases as PaCO2 level increases beyond the level of 25 mmHg. However, at 80 mmHg blood vessels are maximally dilated and CBF remains constant with a further increase in PaCO2 values. Adapted from Adapted from Hill and Gwinnutt, no date. Stroke During arterial occlusion, as in the case of ischaemic stroke, local cerebral perfusion pressure falls below the normal CA range while MAP does not change. With persistent occlusion, autoregulation fails (Reinhard et al., 2008; Reinhard et al., 2012; Immink et al., 2005; Atkins et al., 2010) and regional CBF further decreases. For this reason, blood pressure changes, high or low, results in poor outcome (Castillo et al, 2004; Aslanyan et al., 2003; Sandset et al., 2012). However, this is not entirely due to the failed autoregulatory capacity of the vessels during ischemia, but perhaps their normal vasodilatory capacity has reached a maximal limit (Petersen et al., 2015). The impaired autoregulatory response following acute stroke has been observed both in the affected and contralateral hemispheres (Cupini et al., 2001; Dawson et al., 2000; Dawson, Panerai and Potter, 2003; Fieschi et al., 1988; Gelmers, 1982; Lisk et al., 1993; Hakim et al., 1989). 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Selecting Appropriate Graphics for Web Sites :: Websites Internet Computers Essays

Selecting Appropriate Graphics for Web Sites In giving recommendations concerning appropriate images for a splash page of a website to a beginning web developer, it is important for graphics to be relevant to a website, diverse in gender, age, and race, and appropriate in the use of color. Using Relevant Graphics I would first suggest that all graphics should be relevant to the subject of the website. If a graphic is not serving any purpose at all, I would suggest not using it because some users may become annoyed at the unneeded use of graphics. This leads me to the two fundamental purposes of graphics which Dr. Palmer discussed in class on Tuesday, February 17, 2004. Along with my course in technical editing, I have learned that graphics have either a motivational or functional purpose. I would explain to the web developer that a graphic should either draw the attention of the user (motivational) or aid in the explanation of the text (functional). After thinking of these two purposes, it would then be appropriate to address the type of graphic and context in which it will be used. For a splash page of a website, I would recommend using a photograph or clip art graphic that is both visually appealing and defining of the subject of the website. I chose these two types of graphics because of their appropriateness to a universal audience. These types of graphics are usually both visually appealing and interesting. As Susan Hilligoss and Tharon Howard state in Visual Communication: A Writer’s Guide, â€Å"Readers take in a document’s visual design and images immediately. We apply lasting memories of images across the documents we encounter. Thus the design affects readers’ first impressions of genre, interest, and importance† (8). The graphic chosen will form the first impression of the reader, therefore, graphics must be chosen with much thought. Using Diverse Graphics When choosing graphics consider that websites can be accessed by all ages and races. For this reason, a web developer should consider the appropriateness of graphics and be prepared to accept the consequences if pictures are not appropriate for younger viewers. As was discussed in class, graphics must be diverse in both ethnicity and gender. Graphics must have an even dispersal of both males and females and must not be one-sided to any race. The web designer has to remember that the world is very diverse and not everyone is just like him/herself.