3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation

3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation 3 Cases of Insufficient Punctuation By Mark Nichol Every one of the accompanying sentences is undermined by the absence of a couple of accentuation marks, bringing about a potential for disarray among perusers. Conversation following every model clarifies the defect, and a correction shows more clear sentence piece. 1. Move over twenty to thirty year olds this gathering is assuming control over the rental market. The basic â€Å"move over,† followed by a word recognizing who is to act as per the basic to move to one side, peruses as though a vague crowd is being advised to change their area at a situation over a specific segment gathering. At the point when a sentence starts with a mandate and a modifier, separate the two sentence components with a comma: â€Å"Move over, recent college grads this gathering is assuming control over the rental market.† 2. This paper presents a system dependent on industry-acknowledged structures that subtleties all the means firms need to take to lead a thorough and agreeable hazard appraisal. Here, the absence of understanding among structures and subtleties flags that the action word doesn't have any significant bearing to the thing, however their nearness despite everything acquaints a sign with clamor impediment, which would be enhanced if the thing and action word agreed. To explain that subtleties relates to system, not structures, section the adjusting expression â€Å"based on industry-acknowledged frameworks† with commas: â€Å"This paper presents a strategy, in view of industry-acknowledged structures, that subtleties all the means firms need to take to lead an exhaustive and agreeable hazard assessment.† 3. Appropriation and courses to market can benefit from outside assistance by executing a robotized advanced entry in spite of the fact that this is more mind boggling since it can affect commission. This enthusiastically dashing sentence profits by two or three embedded commas to flag settled subordinate provisions the expression starting with since is subordinate to the one start with in spite of the fact that, which thusly is subordinate to the principle statement: â€Å"Distribution and courses to market can benefit from outside assistance by executing a robotized computerized entry, despite the fact that this is more unpredictable, since it can affect commission.† Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Types of RhymeOne Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .Woof or Weft?

Studies In The Theory Of Emotional Development

Studies In The Theory Of Emotional Development The maturational procedures and the encouraging condition: Studies in the hypothesis of passionate improvement composed by Donald W. Winnicott is a major book, which is made from assortment of his distributed and unpublished papers on analysis and kid improvement between long stretches of 1926-1964. The book educates the perusers about the development procedure of an individual bit by bit from youth to pre-adulthood stage. The fundamental subject of this book goes back to Freuds speculations to early stages. Winnicott for the most part put together his conversations with respect to Freuds fundamental ideas and he had accepted Freuds ideas as the edge of his references, anyway Winnicott didn't put together his conversations with respect to Freudian idea. All through the paper, it is seen that the thoughts depended on among Winnicotts and Freuds thoughts on maturational procedures (Winnicott, 1965). In this bewildering assortment, Dr. Winnicott investigations the maturational procedure s in three periods of formative methodology, hypothetical methodology and the strategy inside and out. The book is scripted in a direct language that individuals who are new to psychoanalytic investigation can profit by its righteousness. Moreover, the point of this audit is to expound on hypothesis of maturational procedures in passionate improvement by breaking down Winnicotts speculations on the side of various hypotheses at of various scholars who examines the enthusiastic advancement in like manner. So as to achieve this assignment, first the creator and his hypothesis will be presented quickly. Consequently, speculations of different scholars will be introduced and talked about top to bottom so as to mull over the likeliness of maturational procedures of person and psychoanalytical treatment meeting. The Author Donald W. Winnicott (1896-1971), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and psychoanalyst got his first examination from James Strachey. Prior to this occasion, in 1919 he read Freud in Brills interpretation of The Interpretation of Dreams. Strachey was mindful to Winnicotts enthusiasm for youngsters and kid investigation by urging him to look into about Melanie Klein. A short time later, he had become Kleins understudy and gone through quite a long while as her supervisee. Approach to comprehend Winnicott, goes from Klein since Klein had brought up the missing parts from Freuds hypothesis, the enthusiastic turn of events. His achievements of working with babies and kids clinically, offered ascend to psychoanalytic field, and drove him to turn into the second notable individual after Klein in British Object Relations School. (Phillips, 1988, pp.153-154; Levine, 2006; Winnicott, 1971, pp.7-10). Winnicotts unique thoughts had varied from Kleinians. As per Rodman, Winnicott contraste d from others since he was in close contact with mother and newborn children. He, additionally, depicted that Winnicotts struggle with Kleininas was a defining moment in his life, which drove him to build up the hypothesis of True Self (Levine, 2006). Winnicott had distributed more than 200 papers and numerous important books including Through Pediatrics to Psychanalysis (1958), Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry (1971), The Piggle (1977), Play and Reality (1971) (Phillips, 1988, pp.153-154; Levine, 2006; Winnicott, 1971, pp.7-10). Play and Reality, one of his notable books, is improved adaptation of his paper Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena (1951), which talks about the significance of transitional stage in a people life, and extraordinary encounters that occur in workmanship, religion and dreamland. In conclusion, Winnicott alludes to this book the most (Winnicott, 1971, p.15). When Winnicotts separation from Klein watched, one can expect that this procedure is Winnicotts transitional marvels from his boss to turn into an autonomous scholar. Brief synopsis of the book Section One: Papers on Development Winnicott begins the book from assortment of papers on improvement. To start with, he clarifies the significance of the psycho-investigation and feeling of blame by expressing A psycho-expert goes to the subject of blame as one who is prone to think as far as development, as far as the advancement of the human individual, the individual passionate development (Winnicott, 1965, p.15). Subsequently, Winnicott keeps expressing by feeling of blame is obvious when the youngster enters to Oedipal Stage, since unwittingly the kid is wishing his/her equivalent sex parent to vanish and as needs be sentiments of affection and loathe ascends in this stage. After this stage, youngster enters to Superego and self image comes in wording with the superego, leaving tension to develop into blame. Winnicott states that at this stage, kid would feel feeling of blame identified with masturbation. He proceeds by depicting the people who gained blame inclination may experience the ill effects of depressio n and obsessional anxiety. The inception of blame inclination emerges from Oedipus complex, when the youngster begins to encounter three way relationship (mother, father and kid). Next, Winnicott proceeds with the term ability to be distant from everyone else which is profoundly related with enthusiastic improvement of a person. It is fundamentally understanding of being separated from everyone else in nearness of someone else, which causes kids to develop his/her conscience and adds to assemble people character. Winnicott incorporates the significance of parent and youngster relationship by characterizing the holding condition. The newborn child is needy to holding condition where the mother holds the baby truly, sincerely and in her brain. Following the mother and the newborn child will live respectively. The kid is presently a psychosomatic (mind inhabiting in the soma) being all alone. He sees all the items, including his mom, as outside of himself. At this stage, the childs conscience proceeds onward from the condition of unintegration to incorporation and now he has picked up the ability to create object relations. At the end of the day, he has now given from an abstractly planned article to an on equitably saw object relationship, which the baby can live with the dad and mother together. Winnicott incorporates that the baby improvement ought to encouraged by sufficient maternal consideration with the goal for newborn child to endure. He keeps expressing that it very well may be said that babies inner self is feeble, anyway fortify by his moms sense of self. Further on, Winnicott states the significance for youngster to encounter full reliance, relative reliance and autonomy, so as to coordinate the sense of self. He incorporates the significance of sense of self quality that gets personality support from the moms versatile conduct and love. In like manner, Winnicott explains the connection of requirements of kids to those of babies in wellbeing and emergency. Also, he brings up the significance of the connection between childcare that is given by human services suppliers versus normal consideration that is provided by the guardians. Correspondingly, Winnicott talked about the advancement of the limit with regards to worry in kids. His announcement was concern was accept to have a place with the phase that is before Oedipus complex. The limit with regards to concern was a piece of two body relationship, between the mother and the baby. All together the newborn child to encounter blame or hold it in full desire for a chance to reparation, he needs to create limit with regards to concern. Following this paper, Winnicott talked about newborn children development from reliance towards autonomy. There are three classes in this issue. The first is total reliance, which is the beginning time of passionate turn of events. The newborn child is subject to the moms belly and care from the earliest starting point. In this area Winnicott states that This expression maturational procedure alludes to development of the personality and of oneself, and incorporates the entire story of the id, of senses and their changes, and of guards in the inner self comparative with intuition (Winnicott, 1965). In this express, the moms experience a stage called essential maternal distraction where the moms are engrossed with the consideration of their child beginning from the most recent couple of long stretches of pregnancy and couple of weeks after the birth. Their infants appear to be a piece of them and they are related to the child. Appropriately, the moms know how their child feels like or what their infant needs. In this circumstance, the mother herself is needy. The following stage is relative reliance where the newborn child knows about the nearness of reliance. So as to clarify this stage, Winnicott expressed that when the mother is away for a second past the time-range of his (or her) ability to have faith in her endurance, tension shows up, and this is the principal sign that the newborn child knows. The last advance is babies excursion to towards freedom. When the youngster passed the two stages typically, he/she will get qualified to meet with world and its hardships, since he/she will have the option to see what is as of now present in his(her own self. Finally, this stage clarifies the endeavors of the baby youngster and of the kid at adolescence. Section Two: Theory and Technique In the second part Winnicott, devoted himself advising the perusers about the speculations regarding kid brain research and the strategies that is utilized in youngster therapy. Winnicott begins with commitments of direct kid perception to psycho-investigation. As indicated by Winnicotts direct perception, the infant must have a physical and mental development so as to have a full enthusiastic turn of events. At the point when these wonders happen in therapy the examiner can't date when it happened. Be that as it may, the examiner will have the option to depict to patients early earliest stages. Moreover, newborn children play become recognize in procedure of investigation. Play incorporates the self-awareness of through creative mind. Winnicotts principal vital hypothesis is transitional article and marvels. In this stage, the typical creating child embraces a bit of fabric or a teddy bear. For some time the kid will expose this article to himself; he will convey it with him constantly and needs to have full ownership of the item. Consequently, as per Winnicott, beginning from earliest stages, the mother

Select Two Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle which you Believe :: Free Essay Writer

Select Two Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle which you Believe are Particularly Effective Examples of the Detective Fiction Genre. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle utilizes numerous artistic gadgets to pass on an impression of anticipation and puzzle. To do this, he utilizes a demonstrated equation in the entirety of his accounts which the perusers find successful. He was fruitful in light of the fact that his accounts managed the important issues of that time, for example, uncouth policing, Jack the Ripper, opium lairs, thus Sherlock Holmes was the counteractant and precisely what everybody required, he was a very much evolved character. It was beginning of the kind thus individuals didn’t recognize what's in store, it was an absolutely new peruse and many delighted in it. Doyle’s stories managed known and recognizable areas and issues, for example, the job of science being valid what's more, not strange notion or religion. It was exceptionally effective in the late nineteenth century and mid twentieth, yet a few people today state that it has slow moving and two-dimensional plots. This might be expected to the fixation of innovation today or the connection among brutality and the class today. The two stories I will investigate top to bottom are, ‘The Cardboard Box’, also, ‘The Speckled Band’ and there will be references to different stories also. I will look at the highlights in the tales and investigating the style of Doyle and the criminologist sort and why it was so effective. To guarantee that the puzzle itself is appropriately depicted, no detail is forgotten about and this makes striking pictures. The subtleties that Doyle puts across are not relaxed at all and this makes the story appear to be progressively authentic. He makes a huge effort to portray everything so a full picture can be built without leaving anything to the creative mind. The Cardboard Box is about a riddle where two ears are sent to a woman and Holmes needs to discover whose ears they are and why they were sent to the woman. The story begins with Watson and Holmes in discussion with mirrors their kinship for one another and in many stories they are demonstrated to be faithful to one another. They read an article in the paper about Miss Cushing who gets a bundle with â€Å"Two human ears, evidently newly severed.† Holmes goes to see Miss Cushing and they talk about the riddle. â€Å"That is my trade†, shows the presumption of Holmes which is appeared in almost all the tales. Holmes does his exploring with Watson next to him. He discovers all the data he needs from Miss Cushing.

Applied Managerial Economics Essay - 550 Words

Applied Managerial Economics (Essay Sample) Content: Applied Managerial EconomicsStudent`s NameInstitutional AffiliationSubmission Date Price elasticity of demand is used to determine the relationship between the price of a commodity and the quantity demanded. Price elasticity of demand also provides a clear calculation of the effect of the change in price on quantity demanded. %change in quantity demanded _________________________ % change in price This equation can be used to calculate the effect of price change on quantity demanded and the amount of revenue the company receives before and after the price change.For example, if we increase the price of an auto part from$1.00 to $1.20, and the daily sales falls from 500,000 to 250,000, the price elasticity of demand will be -50 %/+20% = (-) 2.5 The negative sign shows that the price of auto parts is inversely related to the quantity demanded. With this, the company can calculate the effect of price change on revenue. In our example, the revenue at $1.00 is $500000($1 x 500000) it falls to $ 300000 after increasing the price ($ 1.20 x 250000) The response of quantity demanded to a change in price varies considerably. If a large change in price results in little change in quantity demanded, the demand is considered relatively inelastic. If a small change in price results in a large change in quantity, the demand is considered relatively elastic. If the percentage change in price is equal to percentage change in quantity demanded, then the demand is considered unit inelastic. When the aggregate demand for a product does not vary when its price changes, then the demand is considered perfectly inelastic. On the other hand, a perfectly elastic demand means an infinitely small change in price lead to an infinitely large quantity demanded (Tellis, 1988).Perfectly inelastic demand curve Price demand  P2 P1 0 Q1 Quantity demanded Here the demand remains constant for any value of price.Perfectly elastic demand Price  P1 demand 0 quantity demanded Above the price P1, there is no demand, at price P1 the market demand equals the quantity demanded. Moreover, below the price P1the market would demand the quantity provided. Price P1 P2 demand  0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demandedAn increase in price leads to a decrease in demand.Relatively inelastic demand curve Price  P1 P2 Demand 0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demanded Proportionate change in demand from 0Q1 to 0Q2 is relatively smaller than the proportionate change in price from 0P1 to 0P2.Unitary elastic demand curves  Price P1 P2 demand  0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demandedThe change in price 0P1 to 0P2 produces the same change in demand from 0Q1 to 0Q2. Therefore, the demand is unitary elastic. To increase demand, regardless of how expensive you make your product, you must make the product as inelastic as possible. Unique features of a product, excellent services to customers, or world class marketing are some of the methods that can be used to make a product inelastic. Necessity goods tend to be inelastic; ... Applied Managerial Economics Essay - 550 Words Applied Managerial Economics (Essay Sample) Content: Applied Managerial EconomicsStudent`s NameInstitutional AffiliationSubmission Date Price elasticity of demand is used to determine the relationship between the price of a commodity and the quantity demanded. Price elasticity of demand also provides a clear calculation of the effect of the change in price on quantity demanded. %change in quantity demanded _________________________ % change in price This equation can be used to calculate the effect of price change on quantity demanded and the amount of revenue the company receives before and after the price change.For example, if we increase the price of an auto part from$1.00 to $1.20, and the daily sales falls from 500,000 to 250,000, the price elasticity of demand will be -50 %/+20% = (-) 2.5 The negative sign shows that the price of auto parts is inversely related to the quantity demanded. With this, the company can calculate the effect of price change on revenue. In our example, the revenue at $1.00 is $500000($1 x 500000) it falls to $ 300000 after increasing the price ($ 1.20 x 250000) The response of quantity demanded to a change in price varies considerably. If a large change in price results in little change in quantity demanded, the demand is considered relatively inelastic. If a small change in price results in a large change in quantity, the demand is considered relatively elastic. If the percentage change in price is equal to percentage change in quantity demanded, then the demand is considered unit inelastic. When the aggregate demand for a product does not vary when its price changes, then the demand is considered perfectly inelastic. On the other hand, a perfectly elastic demand means an infinitely small change in price lead to an infinitely large quantity demanded (Tellis, 1988).Perfectly inelastic demand curve Price demand  P2 P1 0 Q1 Quantity demanded Here the demand remains constant for any value of price.Perfectly elastic demand Price  P1 demand 0 quantity demanded Above the price P1, there is no demand, at price P1 the market demand equals the quantity demanded. Moreover, below the price P1the market would demand the quantity provided. Price P1 P2 demand  0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demandedAn increase in price leads to a decrease in demand.Relatively inelastic demand curve Price  P1 P2 Demand 0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demanded Proportionate change in demand from 0Q1 to 0Q2 is relatively smaller than the proportionate change in price from 0P1 to 0P2.Unitary elastic demand curves  Price P1 P2 demand  0 Q1 Q2 Quantity demandedThe change in price 0P1 to 0P2 produces the same change in demand from 0Q1 to 0Q2. Therefore, the demand is unitary elastic. To increase demand, regardless of how expensive you make your product, you must make the product as inelastic as possible. Unique features of a product, excellent services to customers, or world class marketing are some of the methods that can be used to make a product inelastic. Necessity goods tend to be inelastic; ...

A Review of Oxidative Stress Brain Aging - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3797 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Biology Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? A Review of Oxidative Stress Brain Aging The human brain is the main source of nerve function in the body. It is the epicentre of the nervous system and controls all of the main neural functions of the human body (Lewiset al, 1998, 479-483). When assessing brain function, there are many different areas that are addressed, but one main area of concern is the actual aging of the brain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Review of Oxidative Stress Brain Aging" essay for you Create order As the brain ages, the functions that it performs are broken down and degraded. The nerves become slower and the motor functions are less precise. Short term and long term memory is negatively affected and the overall brain function is broken down. Many people attribute all of these detrimental effects to old age and poor health, when in reality oxidative stress and free radicals are the main causes of loss of brain function. Throughout this paper, actual brain function patterns will be examined, followed by some common reasons for brain function degradation. Then oxidative stress and its effects on the human brain will be looked at, along with a few of the common diseases and health problems that are associated with brain aging and loss of brain function. The Brain: an Overview The human brain is a mass of nerve tissue, synaptic gaps, and nerves (Lewis et al, 1998, 479-483). All of these parts work together to form what is known as the human brain. The brain is the main centre of nerve function in the body. The nervous system is controlled solely by the brain itself, which works as a kind of packaging centre for the messages that are delivered to each nerve cell by the body. However, the brain would not function properly if it were not for the job performed by each cell and its consequent parts. A cell is made up of the nerve cell itself, the synapse, and dendrite. Each dendrite is connected to the next dendrite by a small opening that allows the passage of chemicals such as Potassium and in order for proper neural functioning. The chemicals move along the dendritic pathway and form a gradient at the synaptic gap. The gradient then allows the chemical to trickle across the gap, which then causes the nerve to deliver its message (usually a message fo r a muscle to contract). If a gradient does not exist, then the message is not sent and the function is not performed properly. If a problem arises in the nervous system then it is usually due to the fact that the chemical gradient is incorrect at a particular synaptic gap, creating either a muscle seizure or some other undesirable reaction. The main nerve cord of the body, known as the spinal column, is made up of layer upon layer of nerve cells. This mass of nerves serves as the pathway for all of the major neural messages of the body. It allows the chemical messages packaged by the brain to be transported to various parts of the body, and vice versa. All of the neural messages of the human body are delivered in a matter of seconds, that is why it does not seem as if there is along delay in between a particular stimuli and the consequent reaction. Branching out from the spinal cord itself are the various nervous pathways of the body. There are nerves that stretch all of t he way to the fingertips and toes, but they all return to the spinal cord to deliver various stimulus messages. Each of the various nervous pathways is also made up of layers of nerve cells. All of the nerve cells of the body work together to form messages that are interpreted by the brain. The brain is able to decide what priority is needed to be appropriately assigned to each task and then takes action to perform those actions. Brain Function There are basically three main functions of the brain: memory, interpretation of data, and motor function control. Not only is the brain a packaging and interpretation centre for the neural messages of the human body, but it is also a storage bank for information. The brain stores information from everyday life using chemical reactions in the cerebrum to create memories. This information is then available for the rest of the brains life, regardless of whether a person can actually pull the information up to examine it. The brain serves its main purpose of data interpretation by deciphering the messages and stimulus information that the human body encounters every day. Each and every piece of information that the body comes into contact with is sent through the brain to either store the information, cause a reaction to a stimulus, or to disregard it. This interpretation process is very exact, yet extremely fast. The entire process seems instantaneous, from the introduction of the information all the way to the interpretation results/stimuli reaction. Finally, the brain controls all of the muscles of the body and consequently all motor control of the human body. Every movement, be it voluntary or involuntary is controlled by the brain. Each function of the muscles is perfectly coordinated and timed so that the abducting muscles work perfectly with the adducting muscles to produce useful movement. The brain coordinates each twitch of any muscle in the entire musculature system so that no energy is wasted in useless movement. Because the body is constantly in a delicate balance, it is necessary for the brain to be even more precise than the worlds most sophisticated computer when dealing with the bodys homeostasis. The body has many involuntary muscle movements that are necessary for life, but need not be thought about to be performed each time. A couple of these movements are such things as the contraction and expansion of the diaphragm in the stomach to allow respiration and the beating of the heart. However, other muscles and functions are also controlled by the brain, such as the movement in walking, swimming, or running. The contraction of the bladder and other voluntary, yet unthought of muscle contractions are also controlled by the brain. Stressors of the Brain In every cell of the body, there are what are known as redox reactions (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). Basically, a redox reaction is an oxidation-reduction chemical reaction in which one compound is oxidized (loses electrons) and another compound is reduced (gains electrons) (Zumdahl, 1991,216-220). Redox reactions are essential for survival and for the proper function of various organ systems in the body. While redox reactions may be essential for survival, they can produce what are known as free radicals (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). A free radical is defined as any type of chemical existence that can stand alone and survive on its own without the need for any other chemicals to continue the life of the chemical (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). Free radicals contain unpaired electrons, which make the chemical very unstable (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). The unpaired electrons tend to try to pair with any other free electrons to achieve a stable outer electron ring (usually eight electrons). T herefore, the unstable free radicals are always trying to pair up with any and all organic chemicals that they come into contact with. Free radicals can be increased in the body by exercise and environmental stresses. They tend to be stored in the fat cells of the body and are released when fat is burned. The free radicals are then spread all throughout the body where they can then react with other organic substrates (OXIS Research, 2003, 1). These organic substrates include DNA and various proteins as well (OXIS Research, 2003, 1). The oxidation of these molecules can damage them and cause a great number of diseases (OXIS Research, 2003, 1). There are several different organ systems that are predisposed to free radical damage. These organ systems include the circulatory system, the pulmonary system, the eye, the reproductive system, and the brain (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). While it is true that every organ system could be examined and an oxidative stress Achilles heel could be found, the brain is especially susceptible to free radical damage (OXIS Research, 2003,2). Oxidative stress is a term that is used when dealing with a build up of ROS chemicals (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). ROS stands for Reactive Oxygen Species and refers to many chemical oxygen derivatives (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). The build up of these chemicals can cause an imbalance of oxidant activity in the system (i.e. the brain) and can lead to several negative health effects including premature aging of the system and any number of diseases (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). The oxidative reactions that take place in the body and especially the brain are regulated by a system known as the Antioxidant Defence System, or ADS for short (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). This system is a conglomerate of many different approaches to keeping free radical production and collection to a minimum in the body. The ADS contains antioxidant chemicals as well as a number of enzymes that can not only limit and con trol the overall production of oxidative reactions, but actually target damaged molecules for the purpose of replacement or repair (OXIS Research, 2003, 2).The actual antioxidants are either internally synthesized or are ingested by the organism via various fruits, vegetables, and grains (OXIS Research, 2003,2). Antioxidants are categorized into two different categories: Scavenger oxidants and prevention antioxidants (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). Scavenger antioxidants remove the ROS molecules from the body and include both small antioxidants (Vitamin C and glutamine) and large antioxidants that need to be synthesized by cells in the body before they can be used to protect the organ systems (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). Prevention antioxidants such as ferritin and myoglobin are designed to prevent the formation of new oxidants and free radicals (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). They work by binding to the various free radicals to protect the proteins that are essential in the organ system (O XIS Research, 2003, 2). This group includes such chemicals as metallothionine, albumin, and transferrin (OXIS Research, 2003, 2). It is obvious that free radicals are at least a necessary evil in the body when it comes to the completion of certain processes. In order for proper functioning of the various life systems of the human body, it is necessary to have the by products of the processes (generally free radicals)present in the system. However, this does not mean that free radicals are safe or needed. Most of the time the bodys systems of removal (ADS, etc.) will take care of the overabundance of free radicals, however at times it is possible for even the ADS system to be overpowered by a great influx of free radicals. This phenomenon can be due to the production of energy by mitochondria or some other natural process, but in most cases this large influx of free radicals is caused either by environmental stresses or from being near various industrial processes. It is a g reat concern of researchers today that there are more free radicals being released into the environment by industrialactivities and other forms of pollution. These free radicals are easily bound to various food products that are produced by humans and have a detrimental health effect on both animals and humans. If more free radicals are present in the environment than in past historical records, there is a high risk of ingesting enough oxidants to produce an imbalance of free radicals that could lead to the ADS system not being able to handle the extra oxidant load. This would then result in a large epidemic of environmentally caused free radical damage and disease. Degradation and the Effects on Brain Function Due to the importance of the brain function to the body, it can be seen why it is imperative that the brain be kept in good working order so to speak. If the brain is allowed to degrade to the point that motor functions and memory is affected, then there could be long term health effects that can cause more problems than just brain functioning. If the brain is allowed to degrade to a point at which everyday muscular functions and other physiological functions begin to become harder to perform then there is a possibility that other more serious side effects could be on the horizon. Certain diseases are caused by brain degradation or are causation factors in brain aging and degradation itself. One such disease is Alzheimers Disease. Alzheimers disease is a brain disorder that has many symptoms and causes the loss of memory, the ability to learn, and the ability to carry out everyday activities. Towards the end of the disease progression, Alzheimers can cause personality chang es and even cause hallucinations and paranoia (Alzheimers Association, 2005, 2). Alzheimers is a form of dementia: a category of diseases that cause the systematic destruction of brain cells and lead to a decline in brain function and quality (Alzheimers Association, 2005, 2). It has many stages and eventually leads to the complete breakdown of the brain to the point of death (Alzheimers Association, 2005,2). A person who has a dementia disease will eventually need full-time care because of the loss of a large portion of the brain function (Alzheimers Association, 2005, 2). While Alzheimers and dementia are not the only neural disorders that have a progressive effect on brain function, they are two of the main problems that are faced in countries such as the United States and England. Researchers have not yet identified a known cause of Alzheimers disease, however the field has progressed great strides in the past few years. As of right now, the disease is linked to a genetic predisposition to the disease and generally bad aging habits (Alzheimers Association, 2005, 2). But there is still some value to the school of thought adopted by a few doctors that believe that diseases like Alzheimers, dementia, and Parkinsons disease are all due to not only genetic factors but also to environmental stresses which would include the introduction of free radicals into the body. Free radicals can cause great disruption in the brain function mainly because the neurotransmitters and neurons that are present in the brain are very delicate and can be destroyed easily. The free radicals can bind to the various proteins that are used to transmit messages and perform repairs in the brain tissues, preventing them from performing their duties and causing a weakened brain state. Proteins are themselves very specific concerning binding properties and will only function correctly if they bind with the correct substrate (Staines et al, 1993, 130). Therefore, if the active s ite of the protein is disrupted by a free radical, then that protein is completely changed and will not perform as it was intended. Brain Aging: An uphill battle Many diseases are linked to free radicals and other types of oxidants, however another factor of brain function needs to be examined to get the entire picture concerning brain functions and memory. This factor is, of course, brain aging. It is what some call an unfortunate fact of life, but we all grow older. From the time of our birth all the way to our death, our body is in a constant state of degradation and repair (Ebbing and Gammon, 2002, 809). This is true for every part of the body including the brain and carries great consequences for overall brain function and health. The brain is a delicate organ that stores the information that runs the rest of the bodys functions. If it is allowed to age past a certain point and it is not in good health, then it is possible for bodily functions and memory to be detrimentally affected. As the brain ages, it becomes slightly more sluggish and tends to lose its edge so to speak. Because of the complexity of the brain itself, aging te nds to have a harsh effect on its ability to function correctly. A major factor in the development of diseases such as dementia and other neural system diseases is often the aging of the brain. The older the brain is, the less it functions correctly. As of now, there is not a particular treatment or cure for dementia. The best that we can do is to simply make the patient comfortable and to try to make their lives as easy as possible when dealing with everyday life functions. It is the hope of researchers of brain aging that by forging new paths in the field of neural aging, that a cure will be found for such diseases as dementia and Alzheimers. For years it has been common practice to believe that brain and neural diseases were caused either by environmental stresses or from brain aging. Today, however the tide is swaying more towards the middle than to either extreme. Researchers are starting to realize that the environment as well as brain aging could be factors in the de velopment of certain diseases and disorders. Not only can both environmental factors and the age of the brain itself work together to cause stress on the brain, but some environmental factors can actually cause the brain to age prematurely as well. This premature aging is actually a worse form of aging than the actual aging process of the human body itself. Premature aging means that the brain is aging faster than it would naturally; in other words a brain that is supposed to only be five years old would look and function as if it were ten years old or older. The implications of this type of aging process are obvious. As the brain ages, neurons and neurotransmitters die and do not function as well as when the brain was younger, leading to memory loss and slower reaction time. Brain aging is caused by many factors including environmental factors, industrial processes, and of course the passage of time. Two of these factors can be regulated: environmental factors and industri al processes. By regulating certain chemicals and industrial processes, it is possible to cut down on the amount of premature aging that occurs in the brain (Sharon, 1998,167). Certain industrial processes such as the metallurgic processes used in alloy formation as well as welding are known causes of brain degradation and causation factors in such diseases as Parkinsons and manganism (Landis and Yu,1999, 213-217). Certain chemicals that are present in these various processes are able to penetrate through the blood brain barrier and contact the brain tissue directly. This can lead to tumours and neuron death that then causes cognitive problems as well as body function problems. The only good way to prevent such contamination is to completely negate contact with these chemicals at all. Researchers know this and that is why environmental laws are being put into place that allow for the prevention of release of these chemicals. Aging of the brain occurs whether or not there ar e external environmental stressors present in the persons surroundings. It occurs throughout the entire lifespan of the organism. Earlier in history it was believed that the aging of the brain caused the degradation of neurons no matter the circumstances, however it is the common belief today that as long as a few guidelines concerning lifestyle choices are followed, it is possible for the neurons of the brain to stay completely healthy and fully functional all the way until death. Brain aging is defined as the breakdown of the brain itself. The grooves in the brain tissue will grow wider and the actual weight of the brain material will decrease dramatically. New studies are showing that the plaques and neural tangles that were previously believed to have been the culprits of Alzheimers disease may actually not be the main disease causing factors after all (Brady et al, 2000, 864). It is a growing school of thought that the actual cause of dementia type diseases is actually re sult of complex chemical reactions in the brain (Brady et al, 2000, 864). This information is very important to neural researchers because it can completely change the focus of their research and hopefully eventually lead to a cure for dementia and other diseases of this type. Conclusions It is apparent that the aging of the brain is a major concern, especially to researchers studying the effects of specific kinds of neural diseases. It is believed that these diseases could have a myriad of causes, but brain aging may be a contributing factor in several or all of them. The overall aging of the brain is coming to the forefront of modern medicine because not much is known about it. It is becoming evident that what was thought to be facts concerning brain aging before was little more than just educated guesses. Now however, the technology is available that will allow the actual study of the brain and its functions to try to give a better picture of the breakdown of the organ. Once a specific timeline is established that shows the breakdown of a healthy brain, it will be possible to quantitatively measure the degradation of a diseased brain. While this may not seem very important, it is actually very useful information. This information can be used to explain to p atients what they should expect to experience at specific time periods of their disease and could help prepare them for what is to come. Brain aging information can also be of use to the doctors that are administering treatment, in as much that it would allow the doctor to determine at what stage the aging was in, and therefore what type of treatment to administer. Oxidative brain stress is a completely different matter than brain aging as far as research is concerned. While it is true that more is known about free radicals and their effects on the brain than the aging process, it is important to understand why research of this kind needs to be continued. The world is constantly changing and the chemicals and different kinds of pollutants that are released are in a continuous state of advancement. Because of this it is necessary to continually be studying the physiological and biological effects of each new chemical that is developed and put onto the market. By performing this kind of research early on in the development process, it is possible to determine if there are any harmful effects of using the new chemicals. The early research performed as a preliminary study could lead to less disease and fewer health problems later on. Overall, oxidative stress along with brain aging is newly emerging field that has the job of trying to answer age old questions that are concerned with brain and neural health. It is important to continue research in both of these areas so that advancements in modern medicine can be pursued. Society owes a great debt to the researchers who have and will spend their entire lives studying the effects of brain aging and oxidative stress on the functioning of the brain. Hopefully in the near future there will be great advancements made in the field of neural medicine to allow for better and more effective treatment of certain nervous system diseases.

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay - 1554 Words

Two Roads, Two Choices, One Decision â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written by Robert Frost, discusses a traveler who has to make a choice between two roads. In the first stanza, the traveler remembers standing at an intersection of two roads. Indecisive about which road to take, he seems to believe that one of the roads would be more beneficial to him (Lee 5). In stanza two, the narrator refers to the traveler’s unexpected decision to take the other road by giving details of it. In addition, the narrator compares the two roads and points out their similarities. In the third stanza, the author highlights again the resemblance of the two roads by saying the traveler wishes to return to the other path the same day. He also recognizes that he would possibly not come back. Similarly, stanza four visualizes the traveler’s future, where he is still questioning the other path because he says that the path he is choosing is less traveled than the one that he is abandoning (Lee 5). The narrator refers to  "individualism† as the major theme of the poem because the traveler is alone and has to make a difficult decision on his own. Frost also said that the tension in the poem is based on the traveler’s interaction with nature. He has a sense of wonder at the beauty of the natural world as he is searching for his own place within nature’s involvement. The title of the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† assures autonomy of choice. Most readers fail to understand this initial expectancy of literallyShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained througho ut Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with about making choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous oc casions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devi ces. The title of this poem canRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarification

Forensic Photography free essay sample

Forensic photographers work with law enforcement to record and preserve evidence in a criminal case. The photographer creates a record of a crime scene that police officers and investigators can use to determine how a crime occurred. Medical examiners use forensic photographs to analyze the details of a death such as the position of a body and injuries. Photographers who work with law enforcement must be knowledgeable on the various types of equipment used in forensic photography, such as infrared or ultraviolet light, to select the appropriate imaging tool to collect photographic evidence. The photographer uses the tools and processes to develop clear images for law enforcement to analyze a crime scene. Individuals may also prepare the photographs that are used in criminal court proceedings. Forensic photographers also capture images of victims and their injuries, which medical examiners use to determine a cause of death. Forensic photographers may be required to testify in court proceedings to explain the photographic enhancements or techniques used in the collection of evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Forensic Photography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the annual median salary for photographers in general, in 2012, was $28,490 (www. bls. gov). Also, employment for photographers between 2010 and 2020 was expected to grow by 13%, overall. The BLS reports scientific photographers may need to obtain a degree to qualify for a position in this field. However, some law enforcement agencies, such as in Virginia, may hire forensic photographers with a high school education and completed courses in photography, processing and forensics. A degree program can offer courses in different approaches in photography including photojournalism, scientific photography or commercial photography. Students may learn all approaches in the field, but specialize in scientific courses for a career in forensics. In a degree program, students learn lighting techniques, shutter speeds, camera mechanics, digital imaging and the use of color in photography. Forensic photography workshops train students in the procedures for collecting evidence, the proper method to photograph a crime scene, photographing fingerprints and the use of chemicals at a crime scene, such as luminal. Workshops can also include instruction in the software programs used to process forensic photographs.